Research question formulation
Study type selection (Observational, Clinical, Experimental)
Sampling strategy & methodology
Power analysis
Justification for sample size in research proposals
Defining study objectives & hypotheses
Selection of statistical tests & methodologies
Data handling & missing data strategies
Table, Figure, and Listings (TFL) specifications
Data entry guidelines
Data cleaning & validation
Descriptive & Inferential Statistics
Hypothesis Testing (T-tests, ANOVA, Regression, etc.)
Survival Analysis for Clinical Studies
APA/ICMJE Formatting
Statistical interpretation & discussion